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Encyclopedia entry

Target Hardening

Physical measures — locks, barriers, lighting, cameras — that make a specific target harder to access or attack.

Target hardening refers to adding physical obstacles or deterrents — better locks, security film, bollards, fencing, or reinforced access points — that increase the effort or risk required for someone to commit a crime against a specific asset.

It is distinct from, but complements, CPTED's broader design principles; hardening focuses on a specific vulnerability (a door, a gate, a storage area) rather than the overall layout and visibility of a site.

Overuse of hardening (razor wire, blocked sightlines from high fencing) can sometimes conflict with natural-surveillance goals, so most CPTED guidance recommends balancing hardening with visibility rather than defaulting to maximum fortification.

Related entries

Official sources

  1. [1]Crime Prevention Through Environmental DesignNational Institute of Justice
  2. [2]Physical Security GuidanceCISA

Links point to the publishing agency or the California Legislative Information text. Government pages are reorganized periodically — if a link moves, search the code section or agency name at the official site.

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General industry and regulatory usage — not legal advice, and not an endorsement by BSIS, the Department of Consumer Affairs, or any law-enforcement agency. Statutes, regulations, and local ordinances change; verify current text at the official government source or with your attorney.

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